Manufacture of building-cement.



106. COMPOSITIONS, COATING R PLASTIC;

i STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CEMEA/r C Lin KER M ANTON HUBERT HAMBLOCH, or annnnnacn-on-rnn-nnmn,GERMANY, assrenon r0 HENDRIX mans nosnsma, on THE HAGUE, NETHERLANDS.

MANUFACTURE OF BUILDING-CEMENT.

1,252,26et. No Drawing.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ANTON HUBERT HAM- BLOCH, doctor engineer, subject ofthe Emperor of Germany, residing at Andernachon-the Rhine, Germany, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in the Manufacture ofBuilding-Cement, of which the following is a specification.

It is known that the resistance of Ii rt-, land cement to sea water canbe enhanced by mixing with it ozz uolana, that is to say a materialcontaimng silica capable of becoming cementitious. The chlorids andsulfates in sea water attack that part of the cement that does notbecome converted into silicates and gradually dissolve it. Theconstruction therefore gradually decays and -two materials, cement andpo z g uolana or the free (3:10 of the cement and soluble may even becompletely destroyed. Even the alumina in the Portland cement presents apoint of attack for' the sea water. By add- ,in ozzuolana to the cement,th lim con- 3010.7 issufiicient. j

' d in the P "talne ortland cement 1s comp e e i c em'ica ycom me to orms1 icate o i ne.

important factor and the present invention 1 11s is inso u e an e ectivey res1s s tie dlsintegratlng action of the sea 'salts. From thisit isclear that in order to obtain the greatest advantage from the joint useof the trass, the mixturemiistbeof a most -inti fnate kind and there areproduced in addi*' tion to the aforesaid chemical action between SiO ofthe pozzuolana or trass, certain mechanical advantages.

Thus there is an increase of specific.gravity of all cements so treatedowing to the fact that the specific gravity of pozzuolana is about 5Oper cent reater than that of cement. -.This considera ly increases thesurface tension-of the product in con unct1on with the phenomenon ofgreater capillarity.

Such a cementwas originally. designed for constructions exposed to seawater; it is however, applicable with equal advantage to. theferro-concrete construction which has latelybecome so important.Portland cement, or Portland cement mortar is not in itself an idealmortar material for ferroconcrete construction. 'It has too littleelasticity and owing to itsalm'ost negligible resistance to osmosis itis. not impervious. -I Here also, anew constructlonal materlal, as

' described above, 1s to be desired. Attempts Specification of LettersPatent.

Application filed October 6, 1913. Serial No. 793,6?3.

five cents Washington, D. 0." I '1 have been made by mere. mechanicalmixing of cement and pozzuolana or trass, to use the two substances tothe best advantage in ferro-concrete construction. These attemptshowever, have practically all failed, since there has been no certaintyin obtaining a.

Patented Jan. 1, 1918.

correct proportion of cement to the added tio material.

According to the present invention, however, a cement is produced bothfor constructions exposed to sea water and for ferroconcreteconstruction the composition of which is in exact accord with chemicalfor-V mulae having regard to the tendency of the two substances toreact. Exact determinations have led to the discovery'that when thecomposition of the cement is normal, there must be 0.33 part ofpozzuolana to 0.67 part of cement. In cases where the cement has lessthan per cent; of'CaO I have foundthat the most intimate mix ing of thesubstances in question is the most consists in making the mixture ofmaterials by a common grinding operation, being added if necessary tocontrol the setting time and also suitable salts, such as so a or alu orthe like, to insure the com mation of the excess of lime. The mixture,

however, is not tobe made with ound cefiient But 'wl-tli raw cementcImK'er, and with necessary.- erem ms -t e nove ty of my invention.

Instead of ozzuolana o a e c a or a proportion of f here may f c p I rtr' be used a suit El 1 y mlxturg Iazs which has n opene up y eatingrocess.

What I claim is':"' I The hereindesciibed process of making cement,which comprises finely and intimately grinding together .rawiertlandreiaaet clinker and tufl in its raw state.-

In testimbny whereof, I have hereunto set my hand in presence of twosubscribing witnesses. 1

, ANTON HUBERT HAMBLOCH,

Witnesses: 4 ELLIE Seaman,

M. Knnrrnns. p

each, by addressing the commissionerot iatentl,

